Diamond uses this principle to illustrate why so few wild animals have been successfully domesticated throughout history, as a deficiency in any one of a great number of factors can render a species undomesticable. The Anna Karenina principle was popularized by Jared Diamond in his 1997 book Guns, Germs and Steel. In statistics, the term Anna Karenina principle is used to describe significance tests: there are any number of ways in which a dataset may violate the null hypothesis and only one in which all the assumptions are satisfied. This concept has been generalized to apply to several fields of study. In other words: happy families share a common set of attributes which lead to happiness, while any of a variety of attributes can cause an unhappy family. The name of the principle derives from Leo Tolstoy's 1877 novel Anna Karenina, which begins:Īll happy families are alike each unhappy family is unhappy in its own way. Consequently, a successful endeavor (subject to this principle) is one for which every possible deficiency has been avoided. The Anna Karenina principle states that a deficiency in any one of a number of factors dooms an endeavor to failure. ( December 2020) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message) Statements consisting only of original research should be removed.
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